The shift towards decarbonisation has placed a spotlight on reducing emissions from sea going vessels while at ports, where vessels often rely on auxiliary engines that contribute to GHG emissions. Onshore Power Supply (OPS), commonly referred to as “cold ironing” or shore-to-ship power has emerged as a promising solution, allowing vessels to connect to a land-based electrical grid while at berth, enabling their onboard generators to be switched off. This significantly reduces NOx (nitrogen oxides) and SOx (sulfur oxides) emissions, and particulate matter in port areas, contributing to cleaner air and healthier port communities.
Recognising the critical role of OPS in achieving global decarbonisation targets, the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) has published recommendation, Rec. 182, a comprehensive framework to support the effective adoption of OPS systems. This recommendation provides detailed guidance for ship designers, builders, operators, and owners on integrating OPS systems into both newbuilds and retrofits, while addressing the technical and operational challenges associated with its implementation. This initiative not only aligns with the industry’s environmental and safety objectives but also supports the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) MSC.1/Circ.1675—Interim Guidelines on the Safe Operation of Onshore Power Supply (OPS) Service in Port for Ships Engaged on International Voyages. By emphasising interoperability, safety, and efficiency, it aims to ensure a seamless integration of this technology and outlines the following aspects to facilitate its adoption:
Ship Requirements for OPS: Ships engaged in international voyages should be equipped with ship-side installations capable of accepting shore power. This includes incoming power receptacles, shore connection switchgear, and necessary protections to ensure compatibility with shore-side systems.
Ship-to-Shore Connection Protocols: The recommendation outlines specific protocols for the connection of ship-side and shore-side systems, emphasizing the need for dedicated ship-side circuit installations to manage the connection and disconnection of power safely.
Testing Procedures for First Connection: At the first call at a shore supply point, ships should undergo mandatory tests, including visual inspections, insulation resistance measurements, functional tests of protection devices, and integration tests to ensure proper operation between ship and shore installations.
Periodic Testing Requirements: If the time between repeated port calls does not exceed 12 months and no modifications have been made, only limited verification tests are required. However, if the interval exceeds 12 months, comprehensive testing as outlined in the document should be conducted.
Operational Safety Measures: The recommendation emphasizes the importance of safety precautions during OPS operations, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), adherence to “lock out/tag out” procedures, and ensuring effective communication between ship and shore personnel during power connection and disconnection.
Documentation of OPS Procedures: Ships are required to maintain detailed documentation of OPS operation procedures, including circuit diagrams, compatibility assessments, and emergency shutdown protocols. This documentation is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient operations.
Pre-Connection Checklist: A comprehensive pre-connection checklist should be completed prior to connecting to shore power. This checklist should cover operational limitations, communication methods, and contact information for personnel in charge (PICs) to ensure all safety measures are in place.
Maintenance and Testing Plans: The planned maintenance program for OPS systems should include periodic testing and maintenance procedures to ensure ongoing reliability and safety of the equipment. This includes regular inspections and functional tests of all critical components.
Quality Assurance of Shore Supply: The recommendation highlights the necessity of assessing the quality of the shore power supply, including total harmonic distortion (THD) and voltage stability, to prevent potential damage to shipboard electrical systems and ensure a reliable power source during operations.
This recommendation addresses a long-standing need for standardised guidance to support the adoption of OPS systems, as voiced by maritime stakeholders. By aligning with the industry’s overarching goal of reducing ship-related pollution and enhancing operational safety, IACS aims to contribute to the development of sustainable ports and better shipping practices.
Commenting on the recommendation, IACS Machinery Panel Chair, Amir LOTFOLAZADEH stated, “The introduction of Rec. 182 underscores IACS’ commitment to advancing sustainable and safe maritime practices. We recognize the importance of shore power in achieving pollution reduction goals and are confident this guidance will drive the adoption of OPS systems industry-wide.”
Available now on the IACS website, this recommendation serves as a critical resource for all stakeholders, including shipyards undertaking vessel retrofits, designers creating future-ready ships, and operators working to meet regulatory and environmental objectives.